Gender problems in newborns: social, medical and legal aspects
https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-3-124-128
Abstract
Objective of the study. To analyze the modern literature on the legal regulation of the determination of the sex of newborns with disturbances of sexual development in Russia and abroad, as well as the right of these children for self-determination of their sex upon coming of age. Material and methods. The review is based on the domestic and foreign literature published overthe past 7 years, including in Pubmed. Results. There were revealed the modern problems of the legal regulation of determining the sex of newborns with developmental disorders in the territory of the Russian Federation. Conclusion. The right to the sex self-determination of the children born with impaired sexual development upon coming of age requires careful analysis by medical experts, as from a legal point of view it contributes to a more complete implementation of the constitutional principle of equality regardless of gender and ensures human rights in accordance with their perception and attitude.
Keywords
About the Authors
G. N. KomkovaRussian Federation
A. V. Basova
Russian Federation
References
1. Комкова Г.Н., Абаева Е.А., Басова А.В. Права женщин и мужчин в России: реализация принципа равенства. Под ред. Г.Н. Комковой. М.: Проспект, 2019; 216. [Komkova G.N., Abaeva E.A., Basova A.V. Rights of women and men in Russia: implementation of the principle of equality. G.N. Komkova (ed.). Moscow: Prospect, 2019; 216. (in Russ)]
2. Fausto-Sterling A. The five sexes, revisited. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/ad41/8ca5feccd4aed7c823a3c3d6f75351b a744d.pdf
3. Сальникова И.А., Уварова Е.В., Колодкина А.А., Мамедова Ф.Ш., Трофимов Д.Ю. Нарушение детерминации пола и половой дифференцировки ребенка, зарегистрированного в женском поле. Репродуктивное здоровье детей и подростков 2018; 14(3): 92–103. [Salnikova I.A., Uvarova E.V., Kolodkin A.A., Mamedov F.S., Trofimov D.Yu. Violation of sex determination and sexual differentiation of the child, was in the women’s field. Reproduktivnoe zdorov’e detej i podrostkov (Pediatric adolescent reproductive health) 2018; 14(3): 92–103. (in Russ)]
4. Латышев О.Ю., Санникова Е.С., Самсонова Л.Н., Киселева Е.В., Окминян Г.Ф., Дондуп О.М., Касаткина Э.П. Нарушение формирования пола 45,X/46,XY: клиниколабораторная характеристика пациентов. Бюллетень сибирской медицины 2017; 16(3): 87–96. [Latyshev O.Yu., Sannikova E.S., Samsonova L.N., Kiseleva E.V., Okminyan G.F., Dondup O.M., Kasatkina E.P. Violation of the formation of sex 45,X/46,XY: clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients. Byulleten’ sibirskoj meditsiny (Bulletin of Siberian Medicine) 2017; 16(3): 87–96. (in Russ)]
5. Ермакова И.В. Генетически-модифицированные организмы – новая угроза. Стандарты и качество 2013; 5: 70–73. [Ermakova I.V. Genetically modified organisms – a new threat. Standarty i kachestvo (Standards and quality) 2013; 5: 70–73. (in Russ)]
6. Декларация прав человека 1948 года (принята Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН 10.12.1948). Российская газета 1995; 67. [Universal Declaration of human rights 1948 (adopted by the UN General Assembly 10.12.1948). Rossijskaya gazeta (Russian newspaper) 1995; 67. (in Russ)]
7. Конвенция о защите прав человека и основных свобод (Заключена в г. Риме 04.11.1950) (с изм. от 13.05.2004). Собрание законодательства РФ. 2001; 2: ст. 163. [European Convention on Human Rights (Concluded in Rome 04.11.1950) (Rev. from 13.05.2004). Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation. 2001; 2: ст. 163. (in Russ)]
8. Personenstandsgesetz: Bundesgesetz vom 19 Februar 2007 (herausgegeben am 18 Dezember 2018). Bundesgesetzblatt. 2007; 1: s. 2639. [Civil Status Act: Federal Act of 19 February 2007 (edition of 18.12.2018). Federal Law Gazette 2007; 1: art. 2639. (in FRG)]
9. Beschluss des Bundesverfassungsgerichts am 10. Oktober 2017 – 1 BvR 2019/16. https://www.bundesverfassungsgericht.de/SharedDocs/Entscheidungen/DE/2017/10/ rs20171010_1bvr201916.html. Ссылка активна на 25.03.2019.
10. Sex Discrimination Amendment (Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Intersex Status) Act № 98, 2013. https:// www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013A00098. Ссылка активна на 27.03.2019.
11. National Advisory Commission on Biomedical Ethics NEK-CNE (November 2012). On the management of differences of sex development. Ethical issues relating to «intersexuality». Opinion No. 20 2012. Berne. https://web.archive.org/ web/20150423213245/http://www.nek-cne.ch/fileadmin/ nek-cne-dateien/Themen/Stellungnahmen/en/NEK_Intersexualitaet_En.pdf Ссылка активна на 25.02.2019.
12. Brain. US proposal for defining gender has no basis in science. Nature 2018; 563(7729): 5. DOI: 10.1038/d41586-018- 07238-8
13. Raveenthiran V. Neonatal sex assignment in disorders of sex development: a philosophical introspection. J Neonatal Surg 2017; 6(3): 58. DOI: 10.21699/jns.v6i3.604
14. Bajszczak K., Słowikowska-Hilczer J. Therapeutic problems in disorders of sex development. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2016; 22(1): 26–31. DOI: 10.18544/PEDM22.01.0047
15. Decision on Complaint № DF-15-09887-S of Two-Hundred and Fifty-Fifth Judicial District of Dallas, Texas, USA. https://savejames.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Younger-VS-Georgulas.pdf. Ссылка активна на 27.03.2019.
16. Mendonca B.B. Gender assignment in patients with disorder of sex development. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2014; 21(6): 511–514. DOI: 10.1097/ MED.0000000000000115.
17. Бутовская М.Л. Антропология пола. М., 2013; 28. [Butovskaya M.L. The Anthropology of gender. Moscow, 2013; 28. (in Russ)] 18. Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ (ред. от 27.12.2018). Собрание законодательства РФ 2011; 48: ст. 6724. [About bases of protection of health of citizens in the Russian Federation. The Federal law of 21.11.2011 № 323-FZ (edition of 27.12.2018). Sobranie zakonodatel’stva RF (Meeting of the legislation of the Russian Federation) 2011; 48: Art. 6724. (in Russ)]
Review
For citations:
Komkova G.N., Basova A.V. Gender problems in newborns: social, medical and legal aspects. Rossiyskiy Vestnik Perinatologii i Pediatrii (Russian Bulletin of Perinatology and Pediatrics). 2019;64(3):124-128. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21508/1027-4065-2019-64-3-124-128