Theе article describes the key points of pain assessment in newborns, its prognostic value, and tools to assess the pain severity in a child unable to inform about the problem. The latter is of special interest, since the results of existing scientific research in the neonatal practice are not completely universal and clear. The review contains data on pain in newborns available in open sources. The authors devoted special attention to clinical methods of pain severity determination, especially to the most widely used scales. They compared the clinical methods for objectifying the pain severity in newborns frequently used in neonatal practice.

It is a common fact that children are less susceptible to COVID-19 than adults, and they usually have milder forms often without symptoms, due to the age-related characteristics of their immune response and the features of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The recent studies have shown that the RAS elements are widely represented in the lungs, and they actively participate in the inflammation process in addition to their main vasoregulatory function. The cascade of RAS reactions is one of the key links in the pathogenesis of COVID-19, and it is analyzed from two positions: expression of ACE2 receptors and polymorphisms of certain genes of this system. The studies have demonstrated that the ACE2 transmembrane protein is both the “entry gate” for the virus, and it also plays a regulatory role, turning the pro-inflammatory vasoconstrictor angiotensin II into anti-inflammatory angiotensin (1—7) with vasodilating properties. A higher content of ACE2 in children as compared to that in adults maintains the RAS system balance and prevents the development of complications. It has been also found that certain genetic polymorphisms (AGTR1, AGTR2, ACE2, ACE) can cause the imbalance of RAS components, leading to more pronounced reactions of alveolocytes, vascular endothelium and smooth muscle fibers in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to a shift of the vasoconstrictor, proliferative and profibrotic mechanisms. The patients with certain genetic polymorphisms of NOS genes regulating vascular tone, cell growth and proliferation may have a genetic predisposition to the development of severe forms of COVID-19.

Familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia Is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by high levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, leading to an atherosclerotic vascular damage in children and myocardial infarction in 20 -30 years-old individuals. Familial hypercholesterolemia remains a little-known disease in the pediatric clinical practice, and it is characterized by late diagnosis and start of therapy. The disease is characterized by asymptomatic course for a long time, and therefore it is diagnosed in less than 1% of cases. The authors present genetic aspects of the disease. They describe the diagnostic criteria of familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia in children and various screening options. They consider the possibilities of early diagnosis of vascular lesions of atherosclerotic origin. The authors describe the strategy of managing patients with familial heterozygous hypercholesterolemia and various options of non-drug and drug therapy. They provide indications, effectiveness and safety of statins as the main class of drugs for the treatment of the disease.

Objective. To present modern data on the role of intestinal micro flora in the development of secondary hyperoxaluria in children.

Material and method. To analyze literature data and generalize the available results of original studies on intestinal micro flora Oxalobacterformigenes, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacteria and their role in the prevention and reduction of clinical manifestations of secondary hyperoxaluria.

Results. The authors have presented the current data on the risk factors for the development and pathogenesis of secondary hyperoxaluria. They have described the intestinal micro biota and its role in prevention of secondary hyperoxaluria.

Conclusions. The study of the intestinal micro biota (especially O. formigenes, Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus bacteria) and its role in the prevention of secondary hyperoxaluria will help to rationalize the management of patients and to develop new approaches to the prevention of secondary hyperoxaluria.

The social and medical significance of chronic hepatitis B is conditioned by a high prevalence of this infection, the impossibility of eliminating the virus from the liver tissue and the presence of an occult poorly diagnosed form of infection leading to formidable liver damage such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma over time.

Objective. To review the current state of chronic hepatitis B in children and adolescents.

Results. The study presents the structure of hepatitis B virus (HBV), infection paths, the pathogenesis of the disease, its course, modern therapy approaches, including indications for treatment and management features of patients with chronic HBV infection.

Conclusion. Despite the widespread vaccination of children against hepatitis B, the problem remains relevant. There are significant difficulties in both diagnosis and treatment, although the direct antiviral drugs for children and adolescents are a significant breakthrough in the fight against this infection.

Objective. To study the changes in concentration of transition metals — chrome, manganese, copper and zinc — in peripheral blood serum and erythrocytes of women in labor and their newborns with the history of threatened pregnancy. To study the cell-membrane permeability indices.

Characteristics of children and research methods. The authors selected 97 couples of the full-term newborns and their mothers. The test group (Group 1) included 57 couples with threatened pregnancy. The control group (Group 2) included 40 conditionally healthy couples of mother and child. The concentrations of chemical elements were determined in plasma and red blood cells by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). There were two stages of statistical processing. Initially, there were determined the parameters with a reliable change in the concentration of elements in women with threatened pregnancy. Then, the scientists calculated the relation values between all parameters for each element.

Results. We observed the increase in concentration of chrome, manganese and zinc in the women in labor with the threatened pregnancy as compared to healthy women in labor. At the same time, zinc and chrome take the most active part in compensatory mechanisms of preservation of pregnancy. We observed the increase in intracellular manganese against the background of its reduction in plasma in the newborns born from mothers with threatened pregnancy. At the same time, the authors found the difference in the functioning of the erythrocyte membrane in relation to copper in mothers and newborns.

Objective: To develop new objective criteria for assessing the effectiveness of medical habilitation for children aged 3—6 months with movement disorders based on a dynamic quantitative assessment of the ability to maintain the first antigravity postures.

Characteristics of children and research methods. 85 children aged 3—6 months underwent clinical and functional examination, including neurological examination and computer stabilometry according to our methodology. The test group consisted of 69 children with movement disorders after moderate and severe perinatal lesions of the central nervous system. The control group consisted of 16 children without neurological pathology. The children of the test group underwent a dynamic examination, before and after a course of medical habilitation. In a retrospective analysis, they were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the dynamics of movement disorders: Group I — children with positive dynamics (n=50), Group II — children without positive dynamics ((n=19).

Results and conclusion. The authors found that on the background of the treatment activities the dynamics of computer stabilometry was associated with the dynamics of neurological disorders. The authors described a new method for assessing the effectiveness of medical habilitation in children aged six months with movement disorders using the computer stabilometry. This method is characterized by a high diagnostic significance.

The problem of rickets remains relevant due to the widespread prevalence of the disease and unsatisfactory results of diagnosis and treatment.

Objective. To identify changes in the biochemical parameters of bone metabolism and to establish their relationship with the clinical condition of children with rickets.

Materials and methods. The authors conducted a simultaneous controlled clinical comparative study of 108 children aged from 5 months to 2 years. C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CrossLaps), calcitriol, calcitonin, osteocalcin, and blood osteoprote-gerin were analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The level of calcium was determined by colorimetric method, phosphorus — by photometric test. Alkaline phosphatase activity was evaluated in blood serum by an optimized kinetic method.

Results. We determined a decrease in the level of serum calcitriol, calcitonin, calcium and phosphorus, as well as an increase in the concentration of the C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone, osteoprotegerin, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity. The greatest increase in the level of osteoprotegerin was recorded in children with the II degree of rickets, both in acute and subacute course. The concentration of osteocalcin was increased in all groups of patients with the highest values in patients with the II degree of rickets, regardless of the course of the disease. The activity of acid phosphatase in the blood of patients was also increased. A decrease in the concentration of calcitriol, calcitonin, calcium and phosphorus in the blood was observed in all groups of children with rickets.

Conclusion. The authors recorded the correlations between the studied indicators of bone metabolism in patients with rickets. An increase in the level of osteoprotegerin is apparently a new link in the pathogenesis of rickets.

Objective. To develop a protocol for a normobaric hypoxic test and criteria of resistance assessment — normobaric hypoxia sensitivity in children.

Characteristics of children and research methods. 56 healthy children aged from 8 to 12 years underwent a hypoxic test inhaling gas mixture with 10—11% of O₂ through mask to create hypoxemia conditions (SpO₂ = 80%). The authors used a normobaric hypoxic device (certified in the Russian Federation) to produce hypoxic and hyperoxic gas mixtures — ReOxy Cardio (S.A. Aimediq, Luxembourg) with an integrated pulse oximetry sensor (Masimo Rad-5, USA).

During hypoxic test they monitored the arterial blood oxygen saturation (SpO₂) and heart rate (HR, bpm), and there were automatically recorded the individual minimum values of SpO₂ level (SpO₂ min) and maximum heart rate (HR max). A “hypoxic phase” was terminated in case of decrease in SpO2 to 80% or lower, or breathing with a hypoxic gas mixture during 9 minutes. An additional criterion for termination was an increase in HR by 30% and higher over the initial level. After reaching one of the described criteria, the teenagers began to breathe ambient air and the authors determined the recovery time of SpO₂ to 97%. In addition, the authors calculated the hypoxic index as desaturation/reoxygenation time ratio.

Results. The authors developed a protocol for conductance and assessment of hypoxic resistance in children and adolescents. There were determined three types (phenotypes) of response to dosed normobaric hypoxia in adolescents: low, medium and high levels of dosed hypoxic stimulus resistance.

Conclusion. The proposed hypoxic test protocol reflects the individual hypoxia tolerance and can be used to individualize hypoxic therapy courses, as well as additional diagnostic tool in assessing the adaptive capabilities and non-specific reactivity in children.

Computerized capillaroscopy of the nail bed is a non-invasive and most accessible method for studying microcirculation parameters in children; it is effectively used in a wide variety of pediatric pathologies. However, there are only few studies in this promising direction in children with acute and chronic bronchopulmonary diseases.

Objective. To evaluate the morpho-functional features of capillary blood flow in children with the respiratory system diseases of infectious and allergic genesis and to evaluate their clinical significance.

Materials and method. 238 children aged from 2 to 17 years with acute and chronic respiratory diseases were examined in the in-patient and outpatient hospitals. Along with traditional clinical methods all patients underwent computerized capillaroscopy of the nail bed to assess the morphological and functional state of the microvasculature.

Results. Children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract are characterized not only by pronounced structural changes in the capillaries in the form of weak differentiation at the level of capillaries of the third tier, but also by functional disorders of the capillary bed. They include a change in the parameters of all parts of the capillary and a marked increase in the length of the perivascular zone, interconnected with the activity level of chronic allergic inflammation. These changes were most pronounced in patients with bronchial asthma. The patients with infectious diseases of the respiratory system are characterized by a change in microcirculation parameters predominantly in the venous section of the capillaries, they are more pronounced in patients with lower respiratory tract diseases rather than with upper respiratory tract diseases.

Conclusion. Structural and morpho-functional changes in microcirculation revealed by computerized nail capillaroscopy of the nail bed can be used as additional differential diagnostic criteria in the algorithms for the diagnosis of allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, which will contribute to the early detection of this pathology and timely therapy.

Objective: To study the effect of smoking on the ciliary epithelium of the respiratory tract in children.

Material and methods. 931 schoolchildren aged from 13 to 17 years underwent the following examinations: questionnaire, express-test of cotinine in urine, ciliary activity of the epithelium.

Results. According to the questionnaire, 13,6% of schoolchildren aged from 13 to 17 years were smokers. 33,6% of schoolchildren demonstrated a positive cotinine express-test. The ciliary beat frequency was 4,93 [4,23-5,67] Hz in smokers, which was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0,05). Relative number of cells with mobile cilia was 30,0 [15,0-45,0] %, which is significantly reduced as compared with the control group (p<0,05). Only 19% of patients preserved synchronous cilia movement, which was significantly lower than in the control group (p<0,05).

Conclusion. Cigarette smoke has a significant negative effect on the functional state of the respiratory epithelium, which can lead to impaired mucociliary clearance and contribute to the development of acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract in children.

Introduction. The development of bronchial asthma in children is often associated with previous bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Objective. To study the features of the clinical course of bronchial asthma in children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Children characteristics and research methods. The test group consisted of 77 patients with a history of bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The control group included 81 patients with bronchial asthma without bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The patients were diagnosed in accordance with the Classification of clinical forms of bronchopulmonary diseases in children. The level of immunoglobulins was determined by enzyme immunoassay.

Results. The patients with bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia demonstrated an earlier manifestation of bronchial asthma, a mild course and a rare need for inhaled bronchodilators, significant disproportions in changing the level and frequency of allergic inflammation markers — frequent eosinophilia with a lower increase in total IgE. The developed stage-by-stage program of examination and management of children with bronchial asthma and bronchopulmonary dysplasia will improve the diagnosis and treatment of patients with these diseases.

Conclusion. The pediatricians shall take into account the identified clinical features of bronchial asthma in children with a history of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in their practice.

Introduction. Juvenile psoriatic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease accounting for 3-10% of all juvenile arthritis. Genetically engineered biological medications, particularly Etanercept, proved to be effective and safe in the adult patients with psoriatic arthritis; however, there are only a few studies on the use of Etanercept in children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Etanercept in children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis.

Children characteristics and research methods. This open, single-center, prospective, observational clinical study with observation period from 2012 to 2019 included 18 patients (2-13-year-old; mean age 7,58±3,7 years; boys/girls 2:1, average illness duration 3 [1,4-6,6] years with juvenile psoriatic arthritis; the patients received etanercept (0,8 mg/kg/week) in combination with methotrexate (10-15 mg/m²/week). The effectiveness was evaluated at the 6, 12 and 18th month. To assess the improvement in articular manifestations the authors applied the criteria of the American Association of Rheumatologists for pediatric patients (ACRpedi), to estimate the skin manifestations they used the BSA and PASI scores.

Results. In the test group by month 6 of study ACRpediNoResp/30/50/70/90/100 was 5,56/94,4/55,56/5,56/0/0%, by month 12 - 0/94,4/88,9/61,1/11,1/5,56%, by month 18 - 0/77,8/77,8/72,2/33,3/11,1% accordingly. Clinical and laboratory remission was recorded in 33,3% of cases. Drug-induced remission was 33,3%. The PASI score by months 6, 12, and 18 was 1,6 [0,6-4,6], 0,35 [0,1-1,05]; 0,1 [0-0,5], BSA - 4,9 [1,0-7,0], 1,5 [0,75-3,15] and 0,7[0,5-1,0] % respectively. 21,4% ofpatients demonstrated pharmacological remission of psoriasis. Drug-induced remission of psoriasis was 21,4%. There were no clinically significant adverse events during the study.

Conclusion. Thus, etanercept in combination with methotrexate has demonstrated its effectiveness against arthritis and psoriasis in children with juvenile psoriatic arthritis.

Introduction. Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common diseases. It is difficult to recognize concomitant pathology of allergic rhinitis on time, this fact reduces the effectiveness of therapy and affects the patient’s quality of life.

Objective. To assess the quality of life and effectiveness of surgical treatment of children with various diseases of the ENT organs in combination with allergic rhinitis.

Children characteristics and research methods. The intervention group included 169 children with allergic rhinitis and concomitant pathology of ENT organs aged from 6 to 17 years, the average age (median, upper and lower quartiles) 12 [9,0; 14,0] years. All patients underwent endoscopic endonasal surgical treatment. Quality of life was assessed using the questionnaire before and in 1 month after surgical treatment. The effectiveness of treatment was based on the changes in the quality of life in points (6 points — the maximum decrease in the quality of life; 0 points — no decrease in the quality of life).

Results. Initially the average quality of life was 4 [3; 5] points. In a month after surgery this indicator decreased to 2 [1; 2] points, i.e. we observed a significant decrease in the quality of life (p=0,0000001). The percentage change in the quality of life indicator was 60 [50; 67], which was significantly higher than in the control group (41 children) (p=0,0000001). The authors revealed a significant positive correlation between the level of total IgE (R=0,4; p=0,0000001), the concentration of specific IgE (R=0,5; p=0,0000001) and a decrease in the quality of life before surgery, as well as a negative correlation between the level of total IgE and the degree of change in quality of life (R= -0,2; p=0,02).

Conclusion. The combination of allergic rhinitis with non-allergic pathology of ENT organs is an indication for surgical treatment. The concentration of total IgE and specific IgE, along with questionnaires is an additional criterion for assessing the quality of life. At the same time, patients with high concentrations of total IgE are likely to have insufficient effectiveness of surgical treatment.

The article presents an individual approach to the correction of nutritional status based on the assessment of the need for macronutrients and the degree of motor activity of a patient with a spinal cord injury

Objective. To study the needs for macronutrients (energy and protein) and to develop an algorithm of nutritional support for children with spinal cord injury, taking into account their motor activity.

Children characteristics and research methods. The study included 44 patients with spinal cord injury from 2 to 18 years old who were admitted to the Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology in 2015-2019. All patients underwent anthropometric examination, laboratory monitoring and energy consumption using indirect calorimetry and the Harris — Benedict equations. To determine the true energy consumption, the study was carried out at rest, with passive and active loads.

Results. The indirect calorimetry method is the most objective method to determine the energy consumption at rest; if it is impossible to use, the Harris — Benedict calculation equations without correction factors are used. The indirect calorimetry method for various types of load helps to calculate correction factors for true energy consumption. Passive motor exercises in the rehabilitation program do not require an increase in nutritional support. The increase in the patient’s motor activity is the critical factor for increasing the volume of nutritional support. To calculate the true energy consumption, it is necessary to take into account the time of patient’s activity and the correction factors obtained. It is necessary to correct protein losses during the period of hypercatabolism (1 month after injury); in the future it is enough to maintain age-related protein needs.

Conclusion. The proposed algorithm of nutritional support for children with spinal cord injury can adequately meet the needs for macronutrients and avoid complications associated with their insufficient or excessive consumption.

The article presents the results of long-term dynamics of the clinical and radiological picture of a child with a rare neurodegenerative disease — hypomyelinating leukodystrophy, type 6 (hypomyelinating leukodystrophy with atrophy of the basal ganglia and cerebellum) caused by a de novo mutation in the TUBB4A gene. The TUBB4A gene encodes a brain-specific protein — tubulin beta-4A, being a part of the walls of microtubules, which are the main component of the cytoskeleton. Mutations of the TUBB4A gene decrease the stability of microtubules, violate their functions of maintaining the cellular structure and transportation. Hypomyelinizing leukodystrophy, type 6, is manifested by a delayed motor development, instability of the gait with an increase in extrapyramidal disorders in young children. The authors substantiate the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of patients of this category and emphasize that the modern molecular genetic methods, in particular sequencing of a new generation are the key methods in the diagnosis of hypomyelinizing leukodystrophies.

Introduction. The respiratory syncytial virus is one of the leading causes of lower respiratory tract infections in premature children. An effective way to prevent respiratory syncytial viral infection is passive immunization with palivizumab. However, its capabilities and results in children born with very low and extremely low body weight have not been sufficiently studied.

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of passive immunization in the prevention of respiratory syncytial viral infection in children born with very low and extremely low body weight.

Children characteristics and research methods. The authors studied the frequency and severity of respiratory diseases in 450 patients born with very low and extremely low body weight. 385 children (Group 1) received palivizumab, 65 children (Group 2) did not receive palivizumab. In both groups there was the same frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (68,8 and 69,0%, respectively)

Results. There were no complications after palivizumab administration; 32 (8,3%) children had mild catarrhal phenomena without hyperthermia, 3 (0,8%) children had local skin reactions. During observation period up to 9±1 months the authors noted a lower incidence of respiratory diseases (p=0,0002) in Group 1 as compared with Group 2, including moderate forms of ARVI (p=0,0078); none of the children got sick due to the respiratory syncytial virus. In Group 2 the virus was detected in 3 out of 7 children with a severe respiratory infection. The immunized children were less likely to be hospitalized (p=0,0175), including in the intensive care unit and intensive care unit (p=0,0034) and to be prescribed antibiotic therapy (p=0,0045). There was the higher risk of recurrent diseases in both groups. The patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia with comorbid conditions were at higher risk of recurrent diseases in both groups.

Conclusion. Children born with very low and extremely low body weight shall be given passive immunoprophylaxis against RSV infection.

The article is devoted to a rare (orphan) disease from the group of lysosomal storage diseases — alpha-mannosidosis, associated with the accumulation of mannose-containing oligosaccharides in the tissues and cells of the body. The authors analyze the literature data and proposals of the International working group for the diagnosis of alpha-mannosidosis. The article presents the examination results of 15 patients with alpha-mannosidosis aged from 1 to 12 years. The diagnosis was based on the combination of phenotypic traits and extremely low activity of the lysosomal enzyme of alpha-mannosidase in peripheral blood lymphocytes. The molecular genetic verification of the diagnosis was performed in 14 probands. The authors found that all the patients under observation had a typical Hurler-like phenotype, lighter than patients with Hurler syndrome. The children were divided into 2 groups according to the severity of the disease: severe (1 child) and moderate (14 children) forms. The disease had a progressive course.

The enzyme replacement therapy with velmanase alpha (recombinant human alpha-mannosidase), developed and registered in the European countries, is not used in Russia due to the absence of registration. Early diagnosis and early start of enzyme replacement therapy is the best way to limit the progression of the disease, and effective genetic counseling helps to prevent it.

A group of leading experts in the field of pediatric gastroenterology prepared clinical recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of functional digestive disorders (FDD) in children; they have summarized international recommendations and domestic experience and suggested the tactics for a pediatrician in everyday practice. The first part of the recommendations discusses modern views on functional digestive disorders, their development mechanisms and terminology. The article considers the biopsychosocial model of functional digestive disorders, as well as an updated classification based on the Rome criteria IV, including domestic views and experience. The article discusses the diagnostic criteria and principles of treatment of functional digestive disorders in infants (infant colic, infant regurgitation, Infant dyshesia), as well as cyclic vomiting syndrome. In all cases the authors provide a deflnition, classification (if it is developed), ICD-10 codes, an examination and treatment plan at various levels of the healthcare system, and indications for hospitalization of the children.

Cereals are one of the main sources of energy, complex carbohydrates, vegetable proteins and fats, as well as vitamins, minerals and other important biologically active compounds used in everyday diets. The undeniable health benefits makes these products necessary in the human diet. Hypoglycemic conditions are unacceptable in the period of active growth and development of the brain, as they can disrupt its functioning; to maintain normoglycemia, especially after nightly fasting, it is important to have breakfast with cereals. This is especially important for brain maturation in children with subsequent long-term impact on the development of cognitive functions. Tryptophan-enriched cereals are useful for correcting the sleep-waking cycle in children, especially young children, and also they have a positive effect on mood. Whole grains products help to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mel-litus, obesity, colon cancer, due to their prebiotic effect.

10—30% of human population suffer from sinusltis/rhinosinusltis, 5—15% of the adults and 5% of children have chronic forms. Biofilms play an important role in pathogenesis, they complicate the treatment, especially in patients with recurrent and chronic rhinosinusitis. The new active elimination-irrigation intranasal therapy with Aqualor® Active Soft product containing a carbonated isotonic solution of sterile sea water (0,9% NaCl concentration; 0,4% CO₂ concentration) ensures destruction of biofilms and significantly reduces microbial load; thus, the authors advise to use it in the treatment of patients with rhinosinusitis, especially with relapsing and chronic course.

This article is dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Olga Nikolaevna Mizernitskaya, it is devoted to her contribution into the Russian pulmonology and allergology of children, it reveals little-known pages in the history of Russian pediatrics. Professional and creative path of Olga Nikolaevna reflects a difficult time. She made a significant contribution to the scientific development of pediatrics, pediatric allergology and pulmonology, for more than 16 years she was the main freelance pediatric allergologist and pulmonologist in Moscow, she brought up a galaxy of students, left an indelible mark in the history of the Scientific Research Clinical Institute of Pediatrics and in the pediatric science in general. The main areas of scientific, practical and organizational activities of Olga Nikolaevna Mizernitskaya were infectious-inflammatory (pneumonia) and allergic (bronchial asthma) lung diseases in young children. She published more than 130 scientific works, including a monograph and chapters in 7 monographs, a variety of methodological letters and recommendations, she prepared 6 candidates of medical sciences. The article presents the most significant aspects of the scientific and organizational activities of O.N. Mizernitskaya, bibliographic data, the paper notes her extraordinary merits of extremely responsive and kind person. Her difficult biography and creative path are consonant with the steps of the country and serve as an example for modern generations of physicians.